Competition: US Olympic Long Track Speedskating Trials

Information:
  • 74 athletes from 1 nation
  • 32 women and 42 men
  • 5 distances (10.000m, 1000m, 1500m, 5000m, 500m)
  • 217 races

Text view of the competition results

US Olympic Long Track Speedskating Trials
03. - 05.01.1998
Pettit National Ice Center (USA)

500 meter (Men), 03.01.1998

POS   NAME                 AG       NAT   TIME    DIFF     RECORD   
1     David Cruikshank     Senior   USA   36.74                     
2     Marc Pelchat         Senior   USA   37.04   +0.300            
3     Brendan Eppert       Senior   USA   37.64   +0.900            
4     David Paul           M30      USA   38.18   +1.440            
5     Eric Klein           M35      USA   38.29   +1.550            
6     Joseph Cheek         A2       USA   38.79   +2.050            
7     Kevin Curtis         Senior   USA   38.80   +2.060            
8     Ryan Tool            Neo      USA   38.88   +2.140   PB       
9     Brad Jones           Senior   USA   39.04   +2.300            
10    Donald Stewart       A1       USA   39.26   +2.520            
11    Michael Gallant      Neo      USA   39.68   +2.940            
12    Matthew Passarella   B2       USA   39.92   +3.180            
13    Michael Kagen        C2       USA   40.02   +3.280            
14    Ben Strehle          Senior   USA   40.05   +3.310            
15    Brian Boudreau       Senior   USA   40.09   +3.350            
16    Jeremy White         Neo      USA   40.15   +3.410            
17    Eric Krantz          B1       USA   40.17   +3.430            
18    Paul Olson           Neo      USA   40.23   +3.490            
19    Ronald Macky         B1       USA   40.27   +3.530            
20    Adam Janecek         A1       USA   40.49   +3.750            
21    Matthew Selby        A1       USA   40.81   +4.070            
22    Boris Leikin         M45      USA   40.84   +4.100            
23    Uel Archuletta       Senior   USA   41.62   +4.880            



1500 meter (Men), 03.01.1998

POS   NAME                 AG       NAT   TIME      DIFF      RECORD   
1     Tim Hoffmann         Neo      USA   1:54.93                      
2     Cory Carpenter       Neo      USA   1:56.04   +1.110             
3     Derek Parra          Senior   USA   1:56.35   +1.420             
4     Matthew Vraa         Neo      USA   1:57.08   +2.150             
5     Ryan Tool            Neo      USA   1:57.18   +2.250             
6     Lucas Mills          A2       USA   1:57.74   +2.810             
7     Jason Hedstrand      Neo      USA   1:58.57   +3.640             
8     Casey Fitzrandolph   Neo      USA   1:58.92   +3.990             
9     Nick Pearson         A1       USA   1:59.03   +4.100             
10    Donald Stewart       A1       USA   1:59.22   +4.290             
11    Joseph Cheek         A2       USA   1:59.36   +4.430             
12    Ben Strehle          Senior   USA   2:02.09   +7.160             
13    Paul Olson           Neo      USA   2:02.27   +7.340             
14    Nate Dipalma         Neo      USA   2:03.26   +8.330             
15    Matthew Selby        A1       USA   2:03.41   +8.480             
16    Pat Quinn            Senior   USA   2:04.25   +9.320             
17    Ronald Macky         B1       USA   2:04.42   +9.490             
18    Matt Kooreman        Neo      USA   2:04.84   +9.910             
      Erik Feia            Neo      USA   2:04.84   +9.910             
20    Eric Krantz          B1       USA   2:05.71   +10.780            
21    Adam Janecek         A1       USA   2:05.91   +10.980            
22    Larry B. Cannon      A1       USA   2:06.19   +11.260            
23    Nathaniel Mills      Senior   USA   2:07.55   +12.620            
24    Uel Archuletta       Senior   USA   2:07.89   +12.960            
25    Matthew Passarella   B2       USA   2:08.08   +13.150            



500 meter (Women), 03.01.1998

POS   NAME                  AG       NAT   TIME    DIFF     RECORD   
1     Amy Sannes            Neo      USA   40.85                     
2     Kim Strzykalski       Senior   USA   40.97   +0.120            
3     Chantal Dunn-Cermak   M30      USA   41.42   +0.570            
4     Tama Sundstrom        Senior   USA   41.60   +0.750            
5     Whitney McGill        A2       USA   41.66   +0.810            
6     Amy Sohnle            Senior   USA   41.97   +1.120            
7     Elli Ochowicz         C1       USA   42.05   +1.200   NRJ      
8     Shana Sundstrom       Senior   USA   42.09   +1.240            
9     Jamie Grundstrom      A2       USA   42.74   +1.890            
10    Sarah Shapiro         A1       USA   43.31   +2.460            
11    Ann Driscoll          A2       USA   43.32   +2.470            
12    Sarah Elliott         B1       USA   43.33   +2.480            
13    Kelly Cawthra         Neo      USA   43.49   +2.640            
14    Crissy Lemons         Senior   USA   43.54   +2.690            
15    Nancy Swider-Peltz    M40      USA   43.74   +2.890            
16    Bonnie Whitehill      A2       USA   43.88   +3.030            
17    Rebecca Lang          B1       USA   43.92   +3.070            
18    Jackie Linell         B2       USA   44.63   +3.780            
19    Becky Bradford        C2       USA   46.59   +5.740            



1500 meter (Women), 03.01.1998

POS   NAME                  AG       NAT   TIME      DIFF      RECORD   
1     Kirstin Holum         A1       USA   2:05.03             TRJ      
2     Moira d'Andrea        Senior   USA   2:05.49   +0.460             
3     Catherine Raney       A1       USA   2:07.02   +1.990             
4     Sarah Shapiro         A1       USA   2:08.32   +3.290             
5     Tama Sundstrom        Senior   USA   2:08.37   +3.340             
6     Amy Sohnle            Senior   USA   2:10.10   +5.070             
7     Corinne Goelz         Senior   USA   2:10.43   +5.400             
8     Ann Driscoll          A2       USA   2:12.20   +7.170             
9     Sarah Elliott         B1       USA   2:12.38   +7.350             
10    Nancy Swider-Peltz    M40      USA   2:12.43   +7.400    NRM      
11    Bonnie Whitehill      A2       USA   2:13.69   +8.660             
12    Jamie Grundstrom      A2       USA   2:13.93   +8.900             
13    Linda Runyon          M30      USA   2:14.94   +9.910             
14    Elli Ochowicz         C1       USA   2:15.48   +10.450   SB       
15    Rebecca Lang          B1       USA   2:16.63   +11.600            
16    Jackie Linell         B2       USA   2:16.69   +11.660            
17    Tamara Wilm           A1       USA   2:21.59   +16.560            
18    Christina Samplaski   B2       USA   2:23.85   +18.820            
19    Heidi Stangl          C1       USA   2:28.51   +23.480            



500 meter (Men), 04.01.1998

POS   NAME                 AG       NAT   TIME    DIFF     RECORD   
1     Casey Fitzrandolph   Neo      USA   36.75                     
2     Marc Pelchat         Senior   USA   37.07   +0.320            
3     Nathaniel Mills      Senior   USA   37.50   +0.750            
4     Eric Klein           M35      USA   38.11   +1.360            
5     Brendan Eppert       Senior   USA   38.13   +1.380            
6     Kevin Curtis         Senior   USA   38.34   +1.590            
7     Tim Hoffmann         Neo      USA   38.44   +1.690            
8     David Paul           M30      USA   38.47   +1.720            
9     Brad Jones           Senior   USA   38.90   +2.150            
10    Michael Gallant      Neo      USA   39.77   +3.020            
11    Boris Leikin         M45      USA   39.81   +3.060   NRM      
12    Matthew Passarella   B2       USA   39.85   +3.100            
      Ben Strehle          Senior   USA   39.85   +3.100            
14    Eric Krantz          B1       USA   40.01   +3.260            
15    Brian Boudreau       Senior   USA   40.09   +3.340            
16    Pat Quinn            Senior   USA   40.21   +3.460            
17    Adam Janecek         A1       USA   40.32   +3.570            
      Paul Olson           Neo      USA   40.32   +3.570            
19    Jeremy White         Neo      USA   40.35   +3.600            
20    Matthew Selby        A1       USA   40.73   +3.980            
21    Ronald Macky         B1       USA   40.99   +4.240            
22    Uel Archuletta       Senior   USA   41.46   +4.710            



1000 meter (Men), 04.01.1998

POS   NAME                 AG       NAT   TIME      DIFF     RECORD   
1     KC Boutiette         Senior   USA   1:13.29                     
2     Casey Fitzrandolph   Neo      USA   1:13.59   +0.300            
3     Nathaniel Mills      Senior   USA   1:13.73   +0.440            
4     Tim Hoffmann         Neo      USA   1:14.14   +0.850            
5     Dave Tamburrino      Senior   USA   1:14.67   +1.380            
6     David Cruikshank     Senior   USA   1:14.93   +1.640   SB       
7     Jondon Trevena       Senior   USA   1:15.12   +1.830            
8     Nick Pearson         A1       USA   1:16.15   +2.860   TRJ      
9     Ryan Tool            Neo      USA   1:16.20   +2.910   PB       
10    Brendan Eppert       Senior   USA   1:16.43   +3.140            
11    David Paul           M30      USA   1:16.78   +3.490            
12    Marc Pelchat         Senior   USA   1:16.84   +3.550            
13    Donald Stewart       A1       USA   1:17.06   +3.770   SB       
14    Joseph Cheek         A2       USA   1:17.12   +3.830   SB       
15    Matt Kooreman        Neo      USA   1:17.63   +4.340            
16    Kevin Curtis         Senior   USA   1:18.33   +5.040            
17    Brad Jones           Senior   USA   1:18.74   +5.450            
18    Pat Quinn            Senior   USA   1:19.63   +6.340   SB       
19    Eric Krantz          B1       USA   1:20.02   +6.730            
20    Ben Strehle          Senior   USA   1:20.13   +6.840            
21    Matthew Selby        A1       USA   1:20.15   +6.860            
22    Boris Leikin         M45      USA   1:20.85   +7.560            
23    Matthew Passarella   B2       USA   1:21.61   +8.320            
24    Brian Boudreau       Senior   USA   1:21.93   +8.640            
25    Jeremy White         Neo      USA   1:22.00   +8.710            
26    Ronald Macky         B1       USA   1:22.04   +8.750            
      Uel Archuletta       Senior   USA   1:22.04   +8.750            
28    Michael Gallant      Neo      USA   1:22.15   +8.860            



500 meter (Women), 04.01.1998

POS   NAME                 AG       NAT   TIME    DIFF     RECORD   
1     Chris Witty          Neo      USA   39.83                     
2     Becky Sundstrom      Neo      USA   40.31   +0.480            
3     Amy Sannes           Neo      USA   40.76   +0.930            
4     Kim Strzykalski      Senior   USA   40.82   +0.990            
5     Moira d'Andrea       Senior   USA   41.06   +1.230            
6     Tama Sundstrom       Senior   USA   41.49   +1.660            
7     Shana Sundstrom      Senior   USA   41.72   +1.890   SB       
8     Corinne Goelz        Senior   USA   41.74   +1.910            
9     Whitney McGill       A2       USA   41.75   +1.920            
10    Amy Sohnle           Senior   USA   41.82   +1.990            
11    Elli Ochowicz        C1       USA   41.91   +2.080   NRJ      
12    Sarah Elliott        B1       USA   43.19   +3.360            
13    Crissy Lemons        Senior   USA   43.35   +3.520            
14    Ann Driscoll         A2       USA   43.39   +3.560            
15    Bonnie Whitehill     A2       USA   43.54   +3.710            
16    Nancy Swider-Peltz   M40      USA   43.86   +4.030            
17    Kelly Cawthra        Neo      USA   44.15   +4.320            
18    Rebecca Lang         B1       USA   44.49   +4.660            
19    Jackie Linell        B2       USA   44.79   +4.960            
20    Mary Weider          M30      USA   44.81   +4.980            
21    Sarah Parker         A1       USA   45.16   +5.330            
22    Tamara Wilm          A1       USA   45.60   +5.770            
23    Becky Bradford       C2       USA   46.25   +6.420            



1000 meter (Women), 04.01.1998

POS   NAME                 AG       NAT   TIME      DIFF      RECORD   
1     Chris Witty          Neo      USA   1:18.75             TR       
2     Becky Sundstrom      Neo      USA   1:20.41   +1.660             
3     Jennifer Rodriguez   Neo      USA   1:20.82   +2.070             
4     Amy Sannes           Neo      USA   1:21.66   +2.910             
5     Moira d'Andrea       Senior   USA   1:21.86   +3.110             
6     Tama Sundstrom       Senior   USA   1:23.48   +4.730             
7     Whitney McGill       A2       USA   1:23.90   +5.150             
8     Amy Sohnle           Senior   USA   1:24.05   +5.300             
9     Shana Sundstrom      Senior   USA   1:24.60   +5.850             
10    Corinne Goelz        Senior   USA   1:24.78   +6.030             
11    Bonnie Whitehill     A2       USA   1:26.18   +7.430             
12    Sarah Elliott        B1       USA   1:26.36   +7.610             
13    Jamie Grundstrom     A2       USA   1:26.52   +7.770             
14    Nancy Swider-Peltz   M40      USA   1:26.63   +7.880             
15    Ann Driscoll         A2       USA   1:27.12   +8.370             
16    Elli Ochowicz        C1       USA   1:27.32   +8.570             
17    Crissy Lemons        Senior   USA   1:27.37   +8.620    SB       
18    Rebecca Lang         B1       USA   1:27.79   +9.040             
19    Mary Weider          M30      USA   1:28.53   +9.780             
20    Jackie Linell        B2       USA   1:29.33   +10.580            
21    Tamara Wilm          A1       USA   1:32.46   +13.710            
22    Sarah Parker         A1       USA   1:33.83   +15.080            
23    Becky Bradford       C2       USA   1:34.83   +16.080            



10.000 meter (Men), 05.01.1998

POS   NAME              AG       NAT   TIME       DIFF        RECORD   
1     Dave Tamburrino   Senior   USA   14:22.05               TR       
2     KC Boutiette      Senior   USA   14:34.50   +12.450              
3     Jondon Trevena    Senior   USA   14:41.68   +19.630     SB       
4     Jason Hedstrand   Neo      USA   14:44.20   +22.150              
5     Mark Delanoy      M30      USA   14:58.37   +36.320     SB       
6     Danny Frederick   Senior   USA   15:07.11   +45.060     SB       
7     Matthew Vraa      Neo      USA   15:18.83   +56.780     SB       
8     Derek Parra       Senior   USA   15:23.72   +1.01.670            
9     Joseph Cheek      A2       USA   15:24.46   +1.02.410            
10    Lucas Mills       A2       USA   15:24.66   +1.02.610            
11    Erik Feia         Neo      USA   15:34.96   +1.12.910            
12    Pat Quinn         Senior   USA   15:43.68   +1.21.630   SB       
13    Ronald Macky      B1       USA   15:59.94   +1.37.890   SB       
14    Paul Olson        Neo      USA   16:08.51   +1.46.460   PB       
15    Nate Dipalma      Neo      USA   16:13.50   +1.51.450            
16    Larry B. Cannon   A1       USA   17:18.58   +2.56.530   SB       



5000 meter (Women), 05.01.1998

POS   NAME                  AG       NAT   TIME      DIFF        RECORD   
1     Kirstin Holum         A1       USA   7:23.51               TR       
2     Jennifer Rodriguez    Neo      USA   7:28.84   +5.330               
3     Becky Sundstrom       Neo      USA   7:42.89   +19.380              
4     Linda Runyon          M30      USA   7:45.64   +22.130     PB       
5     Sarah Shapiro         A1       USA   7:48.86   +25.350              
6     Catherine Raney       A1       USA   7:51.39   +27.880     SB       
7     Chris Witty           Neo      USA   7:56.86   +33.350              
8     Shana Sundstrom       Senior   USA   7:59.91   +36.400     SB       
9     Nancy Swider-Peltz    M40      USA   8:04.43   +40.920     NRM      
10    Amy Sohnle            Senior   USA   8:12.07   +48.560     SB       
11    Jackie Linell         B2       USA   8:12.72   +49.210     SB       
12    Bonnie Whitehill      A2       USA   8:16.90   +53.390     SB       
13    Mary Weider           M30      USA   8:25.06   +1.01.550   PB       
14    Jamie Grundstrom      A2       USA   8:26.03   +1.02.520   PB       
15    Rebecca Lang          B1       USA   8:29.58   +1.06.070   SB       
16    Sarah Elliott         B1       USA   8:33.43   +1.09.920   SB       
17    Heidi Stangl          C1       USA   8:54.08   +1.30.570   SB       
18    Christina Samplaski   B2       USA   8:56.32   +1.32.810   SB       
19    Tamara Wilm           A1       USA   9:02.19   +1.38.680   SB       



US Olympic Long Track Speedskating Trials
03. - 05.01.1998
Pettit National Ice Center (USA)

NAME                 AG       500M                1500M               500M                1000M               10.000M             
                              03.01.1998          03.01.1998          04.01.1998          04.01.1998          05.01.1998          
Ronald Macky         B1       40.27        (19)   2:04.42      (17)   40.99        (21)   1:22.04      (26)   15:59.94     (13)   
Eric Krantz          B1       40.17        (17)   2:05.71      (20)   40.01        (14)   1:20.02      (19)                       
Matthew Passarella   B2       39.92        (12)   2:08.08      (25)   39.85        (12)   1:21.61      (23)                       
Uel Archuletta       Senior   41.62        (23)   2:07.89      (24)   41.46        (22)   1:22.04      (26)                       
Ben Strehle          Senior   40.05        (14)   2:02.09      (12)   39.85        (12)   1:20.13      (20)                       
Matthew Selby        A1       40.81        (21)   2:03.41      (15)   40.73        (20)   1:20.15      (21)                       
Paul Olson           Neo      40.23        (18)   2:02.27      (13)   40.32        (17)                       16:08.51     (14)   
Adam Janecek         A1       40.49        (20)   2:05.91      (21)   40.32        (17)                                           
Joseph Cheek         A2       38.79        (6)    1:59.36      (11)                       1:17.12      (14)   15:24.46     (9)    
Donald Stewart       A1       39.26        (10)   1:59.22      (10)                       1:17.06      (13)                       
Ryan Tool            Neo      38.88        (8)    1:57.18      (5)                        1:16.20      (9)                        
Brendan Eppert       Senior   37.64        (3)                        38.13        (5)    1:16.43      (10)                       
Marc Pelchat         Senior   37.04        (2)                        37.07        (2)    1:16.84      (12)                       
Brian Boudreau       Senior   40.09        (15)                       40.09        (15)   1:21.93      (24)                       
David Paul           M30      38.18        (4)                        38.47        (8)    1:16.78      (11)                       
Boris Leikin         M45      40.84        (22)                       39.81        (11)   1:20.85      (22)                       
Jeremy White         Neo      40.15        (16)                       40.35        (19)   1:22.00      (25)                       
Brad Jones           Senior   39.04        (9)                        38.90        (9)    1:18.74      (17)                       
Kevin Curtis         Senior   38.80        (7)                        38.34        (6)    1:18.33      (16)                       
Michael Gallant      Neo      39.68        (11)                       39.77        (10)   1:22.15      (28)                       
Eric Klein           M35      38.29        (5)                        38.11        (4)                                            
David Cruikshank     Senior   36.74        (1)                                            1:14.93      (6)                        
Michael Kagen        C2       40.02        (13)                                                                                   
Pat Quinn            Senior                       2:04.25      (16)   40.21        (16)   1:19.63      (18)   15:43.68     (12)   
Tim Hoffmann         Neo                          1:54.93      (1)    38.44        (7)    1:14.14      (4)                        
Nathaniel Mills      Senior                       2:07.55      (23)   37.50        (3)    1:13.73      (3)                        
Casey Fitzrandolph   Neo                          1:58.92      (8)    36.75        (1)    1:13.59      (2)                        
Nick Pearson         A1                           1:59.03      (9)                        1:16.15      (8)                        
Matt Kooreman        Neo                          2:04.84      (18)                       1:17.63      (15)                       
Derek Parra          Senior                       1:56.35      (3)                                            15:23.72     (8)    
Jason Hedstrand      Neo                          1:58.57      (7)                                            14:44.20     (4)    
Lucas Mills          A2                           1:57.74      (6)                                            15:24.66     (10)   
Matthew Vraa         Neo                          1:57.08      (4)                                            15:18.83     (7)    
Nate Dipalma         Neo                          2:03.26      (14)                                           16:13.50     (15)   
Larry B. Cannon      A1                           2:06.19      (22)                                           17:18.58     (16)   
Erik Feia            Neo                          2:04.84      (18)                                           15:34.96     (11)   
Cory Carpenter       Neo                          1:56.04      (2)                                                                
Jondon Trevena       Senior                                                               1:15.12      (7)    14:41.68     (3)    
KC Boutiette         Senior                                                               1:13.29      (1)    14:34.50     (2)    
Dave Tamburrino      Senior                                                               1:14.67      (5)    14:22.05     (1)    
Danny Frederick      Senior                                                                                   15:07.11     (6)    
Mark Delanoy         M30                                                                                      14:58.37     (5)    

NAME                  AG       500M                1500M               500M                1000M               5000M               
                               03.01.1998          03.01.1998          04.01.1998          04.01.1998          05.01.1998          
Nancy Swider-Peltz    M40      43.74        (15)   2:12.43      (10)   43.86        (16)   1:26.63      (14)   8:04.43      (9)    
Sarah Elliott         B1       43.33        (12)   2:12.38      (9)    43.19        (12)   1:26.36      (12)   8:33.43      (16)   
Rebecca Lang          B1       43.92        (17)   2:16.63      (15)   44.49        (18)   1:27.79      (18)   8:29.58      (15)   
Jackie Linell         B2       44.63        (18)   2:16.69      (16)   44.79        (19)   1:29.33      (20)   8:12.72      (11)   
Bonnie Whitehill      A2       43.88        (16)   2:13.69      (11)   43.54        (15)   1:26.18      (11)   8:16.90      (12)   
Amy Sohnle            Senior   41.97        (6)    2:10.10      (6)    41.82        (10)   1:24.05      (8)    8:12.07      (10)   
Elli Ochowicz         C1       42.05        (7)    2:15.48      (14)   41.91        (11)   1:27.32      (16)                       
Ann Driscoll          A2       43.32        (11)   2:12.20      (8)    43.39        (14)   1:27.12      (15)                       
Tama Sundstrom        Senior   41.60        (4)    2:08.37      (5)    41.49        (6)    1:23.48      (6)                        
Jamie Grundstrom      A2       42.74        (9)    2:13.93      (12)                       1:26.52      (13)   8:26.03      (14)   
Sarah Shapiro         A1       43.31        (10)   2:08.32      (4)                                            7:48.86      (5)    
Shana Sundstrom       Senior   42.09        (8)                        41.72        (7)    1:24.60      (9)    7:59.91      (8)    
Amy Sannes            Neo      40.85        (1)                        40.76        (3)    1:21.66      (4)                        
Whitney McGill        A2       41.66        (5)                        41.75        (9)    1:23.90      (7)                        
Crissy Lemons         Senior   43.54        (14)                       43.35        (13)   1:27.37      (17)                       
Becky Bradford        C2       46.59        (19)                       46.25        (23)   1:34.83      (23)                       
Kim Strzykalski       Senior   40.97        (2)                        40.82        (4)                                            
Kelly Cawthra         Neo      43.49        (13)                       44.15        (17)                                           
Chantal Dunn-Cermak   M30      41.42        (3)                                                                                    
Tamara Wilm           A1                           2:21.59      (17)   45.60        (22)   1:32.46      (21)   9:02.19      (19)   
Moira d'Andrea        Senior                       2:05.49      (2)    41.06        (5)    1:21.86      (5)                        
Corinne Goelz         Senior                       2:10.43      (7)    41.74        (8)    1:24.78      (10)                       
Catherine Raney       A1                           2:07.02      (3)                                            7:51.39      (6)    
Kirstin Holum         A1                           2:05.03      (1)                                            7:23.51      (1)    
Heidi Stangl          C1                           2:28.51      (19)                                           8:54.08      (17)   
Christina Samplaski   B2                           2:23.85      (18)                                           8:56.32      (18)   
Linda Runyon          M30                          2:14.94      (13)                                           7:45.64      (4)    
Becky Sundstrom       Neo                                              40.31        (2)    1:20.41      (2)    7:42.89      (3)    
Chris Witty           Neo                                              39.83        (1)    1:18.75      (1)    7:56.86      (7)    
Mary Weider           M30                                              44.81        (20)   1:28.53      (19)   8:25.06      (13)   
Sarah Parker          A1                                               45.16        (21)   1:33.83      (22)                       
Jennifer Rodriguez    Neo                                                                  1:20.82      (3)    7:28.84      (2)